Commercial surrogacy refers to the practice of paying a woman to be pregnant with a child for another individual/couple/family. Alternatively, altruistic surrogacy is legal and done for no fee but still have all general pregnancy expenses covered by the family including IVF impregnation (placing a fertilized egg in their uterus), prenatal care, doctor's appointments etc. Surrogate mothers have no right to the child unless they are biologically related to the child. Currently, this practice is legal in countries like Ukraine, Mexico, and Colombia or some US states such as California, Illinois, Arkansas, or Oregon, but is illegal in most European States and Canada.

The National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), commonly known as the gaokao, is a standardized college entrance exam held annually in mainland China. It is required for entrance into almost all higher education institutions at the undergraduate level. If a student does not meet any school requirements, he or she completely loses the chance of getting into college for the upcoming academic year but can still apply to trade schools. The final year of high school is often devoted to preparations where students do practice exams almost every day.

A "sect" is a subgroup of people with somewhat differing beliefs than the larger group that they belong to. There may be varying levels of collaboration and agreement with the larger group. An example of an extremist sect may be eco-terrorism (destruction of environmentally harmful infrastructure) in the broader environmentalist movement.

Slide 1: The names of Kpop groups and their fandom names --
BTS - Army
BLACKPINK - Blink
Red Velvet - Reveluvs
GOT7 - IGOT7
Stray Kids - Stay
Twice - Once
Monsta X - Monbebe
Seventeen - Carat
EXO - EXO-L
Shinee - Shawol
Itzy - Midzy
Ateez - Atiny
iKon - ikonic
Mamamoo - Moomoo

Slide 2: Fandoms are composed of fans with a common interest and contain large social networks, organization networks to achieve tasks related to the common interest, and subculture (e.g., unique vocabulary, practices, etc.). Even fans that are minorly engaged and do not hold leadership roles spend a significant portion of their time and energy on fandom activities.

For example, K-pop fandoms are spread over multiple social media platforms, and users engage in activities such as photo-sharing, organized voting, translation of content into other languages, and bulk purchasing of merchandise. K-pop artists largely depend on engagement with fans (selling merchandise, tickets, etc.) for success. Certain fandoms are often criticized for aggression towards non-fans, exclusivity, and developing detrimentally obsessive parasocial relationships.

Megacities are cities that are densely populated financial powerhouses in a country. These cities are rapidly growing and attract a lot of domestic and international investment. Examples include Beijing, Mumbai, New York City, Paris or London. Sometimes these cities are granted special permission to have different laws for business and trade than the rest of the country, but national taxation policy (e.g. people living there paying taxes to the federal government) remains under the control of the federal government.